Olympic Movements
NOTES
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Ancient Olympic Games
The origin of Olympic Games belongs
to Greece. The record says that the first historic movements of games occurred
in the year 776 BC. These games were played in the state of Athens near the
Valley of Appheur River at city Olympiad. These games were played as religious
festivals in the honor of their god ‘Zeus’. The Ceremony of Olympic Games begin
form the new moon day in July after every four year. These games came to end
when the Roman Empire ‘Theodosius’ banned these games in the year 394 BC.
Modern Olympic Games
The revival of Modern Olympic Games
was taken by Baron Pierre De Coubertin. The ‘Restoration of Olympic Games’ was
pronounced by Coubertin in the Conference of Physical Education on 25th
November 1892. In 1894 the International Conference of Amateur Sports at Paris,
International Olympic Committee was formed to conduct the modern Olympic Games.
The first Olympic Games were held at Athens, Greece in 1896.
The woman participation was allowed in 1900 when, second Olympic Games were
held at Paris, France.
Paralympics
There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games,
which since the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul, South Korea, are held almost
immediately following the respective Olympic Games. International Paralympic
Committee (IPC) was formed on 22 September 1989 and is situated in Bonn,
Germany. The vision of
IPC is ‘To enable Para athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and
excite the world.’
The first Winter Paralympic
Games was organized in 1976 in Omnskoldsvik, Sweden.
The first summer Paralympic Games were
conducted from 18 to 25 September 1960, in Rome.
Special
Olympics
Special Olympics is the world's
largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual and physical disabilities.
The Logo of Special Olympics is
based on the sculpture "Joy and Happiness to All the Children of the
World" by Zurab Tsereteli an was adopted in 1979. It reflects joy, happiness,
confidence amongchildren and adults with special needs who are learning coordination,
mastering skills, participating in competitions and preparing themselves for
richer, moreproductive lives.
The Special Olympics was officially recognized
by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1988.
Olympic Flag
Olympic flag was designed according
to Coubertin’s suggestion in 1913 but it was firstly hosted to Olympic stadium
in 1920 at Antwerp Olympic Games. It consists of five colured interconnected
rings on a white background. The colours of rings are blue, black, red, yellow
and green.
The Olympic flag symbolizes supporting attitude of all people of the various
continents.
Olympic Motto
The Olympic motto is “Citius, Altius,
Fortius” which means to perform for the fastest, highest and strongest
competition. It was announced by Coubertin in 1900 at Paris Olympic Games.
Olympic Prize
In ancient times, the Olympic Game
winners were awarded with olive crown but in modern Olympic Games winners are
awarded by medals and certificates. First position holder receives gold medal,
second receives silver and third receives bronze medal and upto first six
positions they also get certificates.
Olympic Oath
Olympic oath is taken by the athlete
of the host country. He holds the corner of the flag on behalf of all
competitors. The oath is as “In the name of all competitors, I promise that
we shall take part in these games, respecting and abiding the rules which
govern them, committing ourselves to a sport without doping and drugs, in the
true spirit of sportsmanship, for he glory of sport and the honor of our
teams.”
Olympic Flame
The
Olympic flame was first lit in 1928 at Amsterdam, Netherlands Olympic Games. It is a continuity symbol of
ancient and modern Olympic Games. The
Olympic flame is lit in front of the ruins of the Temple
of Hera in Olympia by focusing the rays of the sun using a parabolic mirror to
ignite a flame. A long relay of runners carries the torches to the site of the
Games, where the final torch is used to light a cauldron. The games are
declared open officially by kindling the torch and the flame remains lit until
it is extinguished in the Closing Ceremony.
Remember, the runners do not pass the same torch; only the flame is passed on
to the next torch bearer. Each runner is allowed to keep their torch.
The first such relay took place for
the 1936 Berlin Games when 3,331 runners carried the flame through Greece,
Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Germany.
The Olympic ideals that Coubertin set:
“The important thing in the Olympic is not to win but to take part. The
important thing in life is not the triumph but to struggle. The essential thing
is not to have conquered but to fought well.”
·
Friendship
·
Solidarity
·
Fair Play
·
Free from discrimination
·
Free from drugs
Sometimes, athletes and players choose
illegal methods to achieve fame, name and money in Olympics, so they take drugs
to enhance their performance.
For this IOC has set up many testing
laboratories to test athletes for drugs named as World Anti-Doping Agency
(WADA).
International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the
supreme authority of the Olympic movement formed in June 1984. It is an
official and supreme authority to spread Olympic
movement worldwide through International Sports Federations, National Olympic
Committees, Organising Committees for the Olympic Games, United Nations etc. It
reserves the right on Olympic Games, the symbols and other elements which are related
with the Olympic Movement. The headquarters of International Olympic Committee
is at Lausanne, Switzerland.
1 To encourage and support the organization
development and coordination of sports and sports competition.
2. To ensure the regular celebration of the
Olympic Games.
3. To encourage and support the promotion of
women in sports at all level.
4. To act against any form of discrimination
affecting the Olympic movement.
5. To oppose any political or commercial abuse of
sport and athletes.
6. To oppose any type of doping in sports.
7. To encourage and support measures relating to
the medical care and health of athletes.
8. To encourage and support initiatives blending
sport with culture and education.
9. To encourage and support the development of
sport for all.
Indian Olympic Association
The Indian Olympic Association was founded by Sir Dorabji Tata as its first
President in 1927. The Indian Olympic Association is the governing body for the
Olympic Movement andthe Commonwealth Games in India.
The IOA looks after several aspects of sports and sportspersons which includes
sending athletes or teams to represent India in the Olympic Games, Common
wealth Games, Asian Games and other international multi-sport competitions of
IOC, CGF, OCA and ANOC.
Role of IOA:
1.
To develop, promote and protect the
Olympic movement in India in accordance with the Olympic charter.
2.
To educate the public of the country
as to the value of sport.
3.
To assist national Sports Association
for the better selection of players and their training.
4.
To supervise the sports development in
the country like stadiums, infrastructure, etc.
5.
Random check of athletes related drugs
as per directions of IOC.
6.
To provide technical help for
conducting National level competitions.
Olympic Symbol
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